Definitions:
1. Portland cement—a hydraulic cement produced by pulverizing clinker consisting
essentially of hydraulic calcium silicates, usually containing one or more of
the forms of calcium sulfate as an interground addition.
2. Air-entraining portland cement—a hydraulic
cement produced by pulverizing clinker consisting essentially of hy- draulic
calcium silicates, usually containing one or more of the forms of calcium sulfate as an interground
addition, and with which there has been interground an air-entraining addition.
1.1 Type I—For use when the special
properties specified for any other type are not required.
1.2 Type IA—Air-entraining cement for the
same uses as
Type I, where air-entrainment is desired.
1.3 Type II—For general use, more especially
when mod- erate sulfate resistance
or moderate heat
of hydration is desired.
1.4 Type IIA—Air-entraining cement for the same
uses as
Type II, where air-entrainment is desired.
1.5 Type III—For use when high early strength
is desired.
1.6 Type IIIA—Air-entraining cement for the
same use as
Type III, where air-entrainment is desired.
1.7 Type IV—For use when a low heat of hydration
is desired.
1.8 Type
V—For use when
high sulfate resistance
is desired.
Chemical
Composition
Portland cement of each of the eight types
shown in Section 1 shall conform to the respective standard chemical
requirements prescribed in Table 1. In addition, optional chemical requirements
are shown in Table 2.
NOTE
When comparing oxide analyses and calculated
compounds from different sources or from different historic times, be aware
that they may not have been reported on exactly the same basis. Chemical data
obtained by Reference and Alternate Test Methods of Test Methods C 114 (wet
chemistry) may include titania and phosphorus as alumina unless proper
correction has been made (see Test Methods C 114), while data obtained by rapid
instrumental methods usually do not. This can result in small differences in
the calculated compounds. Such differences are usually within the precision of
the analytical methods, even when the methods are properly qualified under the
requirements of Test Methods C 114.
TABLE 1 Standard
Chemical Requirements
Cement
TypeA I and IA II and IIA III and IIIA IV V Silicon dioxide (SiO2), min, % ... 20.0B,C ... ... ...
Aluminum oxide (Al2O3), max, % ... 6.0 ... ... ...
Ferric oxide (Fe2O3), max, % ... 6.0B,C ... 6.5 ...
Magnesium oxide (MgO), max, % 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
Sulfur trioxide (SO3),D max, %
When (C3A)E is 8 % or less 3.0 3.0 3.5 2.3 2.3
When (C3A)E is more than 8 % 3.5 F 4.5 F F
Loss on ignition, max, % 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.5 3.0
Insoluble residue,
max, % 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
Tricalcium silicate (C3S),E max, % ... ... ... 35B ... Dicalcium silicate (C2S),E min, % ... ... ... 40B ... Tricalcium aluminate (C3A)E max, % ... 8 15 7B 5C Tetracalcium
aluminoferrite plus twice the tricalcium aluminateE (C4AF + 2(C3A)), ... ... ... ... 25C
or solid solution (C4AF + C2F), as applicable, max, %
A See Note 1.
B Does not apply when the heat of hydration limit in Table 4 is specified.
CDoes not apply when the sulfate resistance limit in Table 4 is specified.
D There are cases
where optimum SO3(using Test Method C 563) for a particular cement is close to or in excess of
the limit in this specification. In such cases where properties of a cement can be improved by exceeding the SO3 limits stated in this table, it is permissible
to exceed the values in the table, provided it has been demonstrated by Test Method C 1038 that the cement
with the increased SO3 will not develop expansion
in water exceeding
0.020 % at 14 days. When the manufacturer
supplies cement under this provision,
he shall, upon request, supply supporting data to the purchaser.
E All values
calculated as described
in this note shall be rounded according
to Practice E 29. When evaluating conformance to a specification, round values to the same number of places as the corresponding table entry before
making comparisons. The expressing of chemical limitations by means of calculated assumed
compounds does not necessarily mean that the oxides are actually or entirely present
as such compounds.
When expressing compounds, C 5 CaO, S 5 SiO2, A 5 Al2O3, F 5 Fe2O3. For example, C3A 5 3CaO·Al2O3.
Titanium dioxide and phosphorus pentoxide
(TiO2 and P2O5) shall not be included with the Al2O3 content. See Note 2.
When the ratio of percentages of aluminum oxide to ferric oxide is 0.64 or more, the percentages of tricalcium silicate,
dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and
tetracalcium
aluminoferrite shall be calculated
from the chemical analysis as follows:
Tricalcium silicate
5 (4.071 3 % CaO) − (7.600
3 % SiO2) − (6.718 3 % Al2O3) − (1.430
3 % Fe2O3) − (2.852
3 % SO3) Dicalcium silicate
5 (2.867 3 % SiO2) − (0.7544 3 % C3S)
Tricalcium aluminate
5 (2.650 3 % Al2O3) − (1.692
3 % Fe2O3) Tetracalcium
aluminoferrite 5 3.043 3 % Fe2O3
When the alumina-ferric oxide ratio is less than 0.64, a calcium aluminoferrite solid solution (expressed as ss(C4AF + C2F)) is formed. Contents
of this solid solution and of
tricalcium silicate shall be calculated
by the following formulas:
ss(C4AF + C2F) 5 (2.100 3 % Al2O3) + (1.702 3 % Fe2O3)
Tricalcium silicate 5 (4.071 3 % CaO) − (7.600 3 % SiO2) − (4.479 3 % Al2O3) − (2.859 3 % Fe2O3) − (2.852 3 % SO3).
No tricalcium
aluminate will be present in cements of this composition. Dicalcium silicate shall be calculated as previously shown.
F Not applicable.
TABLE 2 Optional
Chemical RequirementsA
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A These optional requirements apply only when specifically requested. Verify availability before ordering. See Note 1 in Section
4.
B All values calculated as described in this note shall be rounded according to Practice E 29. When evaluating conformance to a specification, round values to the same
number of places as the corresponding table
entry before making
comparisons. The expressing of chemical limitations by means of calculated assumed
compounds does not necessarily mean that the oxides are actually or entirely present
as such compounds.
When expressing compounds, C 5 CaO, S 5 SiO2, A 5 Al2O3, F 5 Fe2O3. For example, C3A 5 3CaO·Al2O3.
Titanium dioxide and phosphorus pentoxide
(TiO2 and P2O5) shall not be included with the Al2O3 content. See Note 2.
When the ratio of percentages of aluminum oxide to ferric oxide is 0.64 or more, the percentages of tricalcium silicate,
dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and
tetracalcium aluminoferrite shall be calculated from the chemical analysis as follows:
Tricalcium silicate
5 (4.071 3 % CaO) − (7.600
3 % SiO2) − (6.718 3 % Al2O3) − (1.430
3 % Fe2O3) − (2.852
3 % SO3) Dicalcium silicate
5 (2.867 3 % SiO2) − (0.7544 3 % C3S)
Tricalcium aluminate
5 (2.650 3 % Al2O3) − (1.692
3 % Fe2O3) Tetracalcium
aluminoferrite 5 3.043 3 % Fe2O3
When the alumina-ferric oxide ratio is less than 0.64, a calcium aluminoferrite solid solution (expressed as ss (C4AF + C2F)) is formed. Contents of this solid solution and of tricalcium silicate shall be calculated by the following
formulas:
ss(C4AF + C2F) 5 (2.100 3 % Al2O3) + (1.702 3 % Fe2O3)
Tricalcium silicate 5 (4.071 3 % CaO) − (7.600 3 % SiO2) − (4.479 3 % Al2O3) − (2.859 3 % Fe2O3) − (2.852 3 % SO3).
No tricalcium
aluminate will be present in cements of this composition. Dicalcium silicate shall be calculated as previously shown.
C The optional limit for heat of hydration
in Table 4 shall not be requested when this optional
limit is requested.
D Specify this limit when the cement
is to be used in concrete with aggregates that are potentially reactive and no other provisions have been made to protect the concrete
from deleteriously reactive aggregates. Refer to Specification C 33 for information on potential reactivity of aggregates.
TABLE 3 Standard
Physical Requirements
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Time of setting (alternative methods):F
Gillmore test:
Initial set, min, not less than
|
60
|
60
|
60
|
60
|
60
|
60
|
60
|
60
|
Final set, min, not more than
|
600
|
600
|
600
|
600
|
600
|
600
|
600
|
600
|
Vicat test:G
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Time of setting, min, not less than
|
45
|
45
|
45
|
45
|
45
|
45
|
45
|
45
|
Time of setting, min, not more than
|
375
|
375
|
375
|
375
|
375
|
375
|
375
|
375
|
A See Note 1.
B Compliance
with the requirements of this specification does not necessarily ensure that the desired air content will be obtained
in concrete.
C The testing
laboratory shall select the fineness
method to be used. However, when the sample fails to meet the requirements of the air-permeability test, the turbidimeter test shall be used, and the requirements in this table for the turbidimetric method shall govern.
D The strength at any specified
test age shall be not less than that attained
at any previous specified test age.
E When the optional
heat of hydration or the chemical limit on the sum of the tricalcium
silicate and tricalcium
aluminate is specified.
F The time-of-setting test required shall be specified
by the purchaser. In case he does not so specify, the requirements
of the Vicat test only shall govern.
G The time of setting is that described
as initial setting time in Test Method C 191.
TABLE 4 Optional
Physical RequirementsA
Heat of hydration:
7 days, max, kJ/kg (cal/g)
|
...
|
...
|
290
(70)B
|
290
(70)B
|
...
|
...
|
250
(60)C
|
...
|
28 days, max, kJ/kg (cal/g)
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
290
(70)C
|
...
|
Strength, not less than the values shown:
Compressive strength, MPa (psi)
28 days
|
28.0
|
22.0
|
28.0
|
22.0
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
Sulfate resistance,D 14 days, max, % expansion
|
(4060)
...
|
(3190)
...
|
(4060)
22.0B
(3190)B
...E
|
(3190)
18.0B
(2610)B
...E
|
...
|
...
|
...
|
0.040
|
A These optional requirements apply only when specifically requested. Verify availability before ordering. See Note 1 in Section
4.
B The
optional limit for the sum of the
tricalcium silicate and tricalcium aluminate in Table 2 shall not be requested when this optional limit is
requested. These strength
requirements apply when either heat of hydration or the sum of tricalcium silicate and tricalcium
aluminate requirements are requested.
C When the heat of hydration
limit is specified, it shall be instead of the limits of C3S, C2S, C3A, SiO2, and Fe2O3 listed in Table 1.
D When the sulfate resistance is specified, it shall be instead of the limits of C3A, C4AF + 2 C3A, SiO2, and Fe2O3 listed in Table 1.
E Cement meeting the high sulfate resistance limit for Type V are deemed to meet the moderate sulfate resistance
requirement of Type II.
Test Methods
Determine the applicable properties
enumerated in this specification in accordance with the following test methods:
1. Air Content of Mortar—Test Method C 185.
2. Chemical Analysis—Test Methods C 114.
3. Strength—Test Method C 109.
4. False Set—Test Method C 451.
5. Fineness by Air Permeability—Test Method C
204.
6. Fineness by Turbidimeter—Test Method C
115.
7. Heat of Hydration—Test Method C 186.
8. Autoclave Expansion—Test Method C 151.
9. Time of Setting by Gillmore Needles—Test
Method C 266.
10. Time of Setting by Vicat
Needles—Test Method C 191.
11. Sulfate Resistance—Test Method C 452
(sulfate ex- pansion).
12.
Calcium Sulfate (expansion of) Mortar—Test Method C 1038.
13. Optimum SO3—Test Method C 563.
Packaging
and Package Marking
When the cement is delivered in packages, the
words“ Portland Cement,” the type of cement, the name and brand of the
manufacturer, and the mass of the cement contained therein shall be plainly
marked on each package. When the cement is an air-entraining type, the words
“air-entraining” shall be plainly marked on each package. Similar information
shall be provided in the shipping documents accompanying the ship- ment of
packaged or bulk cement. All packages shall be in good condition at the time of
inspection.
NOTE
3—With the change to SI units, it is desirable to establish a standard
SI package for portland cements. To that end 42 kg (92.59 lb) provides a
convenient, even-numbered mass reasonably similar to the traditional 94-lb
(42.6384-kg) package.
Storage
The cement shall be stored in such a manner as
to permit easy access for proper inspection and identification of each
shipment, and in a suitable weather-tight building that will protect the cement
from dampness
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